摘要:国内外前列腺癌的诊疗中,基于第二代测序 (next generation sequencing,NGS) 技术的基因检测及精准 医学实践已经得到了广泛的应用。特别是胚系基因突变 (如 DNA同源重组修复基因 BRCA1/2、ATM、前列腺 癌易感基因 HOXB13等) 与前列腺癌的发生、发展、预后及治疗密切相关。《中国前列腺癌患者基因检测专家共 识 (2020年版)》 推荐转移性去势抵抗型前列腺癌 (metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer,mCRPC) 和特定家族史及临床病理学特征的前列腺癌患者接受基因检测,并划分了相应人群基因检测的内容和优先级。同 时,检测的适用人群、具体内容、检测技术要求、结果判读等各方面,均影响了 NGS 的临床应用和进一步推广,决定 NGS 检测的临床价值。本文将根据最新的循证医学证据对 《中国前列腺癌患者基因检测专家共识 (2020年版)》进行解读。
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黄答,阮小豪,那溶. 《中国前列腺癌患者基因检测专家共识(2020年版)》解读[J]. 泌尿外科杂志(电子版),2021,13(4):23-27. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7410.2021.04.007.
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1 前言
前列腺癌的诊疗已进入“精准医学”时代,其 中以第二代测序(next generation sequencing,NGS) 技术为代表的基因检测已经得到了广泛应用。然而 基因检测在临床实践中面临着各类问题,例如检测 对象的选择不明确、检测内容不一、检测质量良莠 不齐及结果解读混乱等。因此,中国抗癌协会泌尿 男生殖系肿瘤专业委员会及中国临床肿瘤学会前列 腺癌专家委员会组织全国专家组,对前列腺癌基因 检测在诊疗及筛查中的临床应用进行了全面、科学的总结并形成 《中国前列腺癌患者基因检测专家共 识 (2020 年版)》 [1] (以下简称 《2020 年版中国共 识》),进一步规范和指导基因检测的适用人群、具 体内容、检测技术要求、结果判读等方面。笔者从 临床角度出发,结合最新的循证医学证据和国内外 相关指南及共识,与 《2020 年版中国共识》 进行对 比、解读和讨论。
1 前言
2 检测对象
3 检测的内容
4 检测样本
5 临床意义与判读
6 知情同意及伦理与医患沟通
7 小结
7 小结
《2020年版中国共识》 是目前唯一指导前列腺癌 临床诊治过程中基因检测使用的规范化共识,在参 考最新国内外文献、国际共识和临床指南的基础 上,结合中国人群的遗传学特征以及临床实际,为 个体化精准诊疗提供了重要的参考依据和科学指 导。此外,临床医学是不断发展更新的,临床医师 在参考共识和指南的同时,仍需要坚持以患者为中 心,有机、紧密地结合临床实践和最新的研究成果 并综合考量,审慎决策。
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