隐睾是小儿外科常见疾病,各种因素会导致隐睾睾丸受损,且隐睾术前睾丸受损程度与成年期生育能力相关,本文将结合现有文献对隐睾的治疗、隐睾睾丸受损评价指标及其与生育潜力关系和术后随访重要程度进行综述,以期提高临床医师对隐睾术后随访的重视度及最大程度预防发生成年期非梗阻性无精子症。

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夏杰,屈振繁.隐睾睾丸受损评价指标在术后随访中的意义[J].泌尿外科杂志(电子版),2024,16(01):69-72.DOI:10.20020/j.CNKI.1674-7410.2024.01.15.

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隐睾亦被称为睾丸未降，是指男性患儿出生后单侧或双侧睾丸从腹膜后下降过程中移行至阴囊以外的异常位置，是儿童最常见的泌尿生殖系统先天性畸形之一^[1]。一般认为，出生时未下降至阴囊的睾丸在出生后6个月内还有自发性下降的可能，而6个月以后睾丸的自发性下降则不常见。持续性隐睾会导致睾丸发生一系列生理和病理变化，导致生育能力受损和睾丸恶性肿瘤的发病率增加^[2]。因此，早期对隐睾进行治疗可以减少生育能力受损，改善术后睾丸追赶性生长并预防睾丸恶性肿瘤的发生^[3]。

1 隐睾的治疗

2 隐睾睾丸受损与生育潜力的关系

3 睾丸受损的评价指标

4 隐睾的术后随访价值

5 结论

综上所述，隐睾作为小儿外科的常见疾病，隐 睾的早期治疗与保持生育能力、保持令人满意的睾 丸大小和预防成年肿瘤转化的风险有关，早期识别 隐睾患儿并对其进行手术可最大程度上减少对睾丸 的损害。US作为一种客观的评价工具，可以对隐睾 进行长期的术后随访，同时 US更有利于监测睾丸癌 发病的风险。但 TAI和 GPR是否能作为睾丸受损的 一个评价指标，需要临床数据进行评判；而血清标 志物这一评价指标因其价格和需获得家属知情同意 权而在临床上实施受限。关于上述，考虑是否能用US作为隐睾术后的初步随访标准，以筛选出需要进 行血清标志物测定的人群，从而对隐睾术后睾丸功 能恢复进行更进一步的检查，比如在青春期的监测 及成年后的精液分析（精子密度、正常精子细胞数 量和精子细胞活力的信息），从而早期发现并进行干 预以最大程度减少隐睾术后成年期非梗阻性无精子 症的发生。

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