前列腺癌是男性高发恶性肿瘤，我国前列腺癌发病率和死亡率近年来仍呈现增长的趋势，是我国公共卫生领域的重大健康问题。随着疾病认识的加深、诊断技术的进步、药物研发和适用范围的推广、精准诊疗理念的普及，2024年各大学术年会均有诸多相关研究进展，本文将围绕前列腺癌筛查、局限进展性前列腺癌、高危生化复发前列腺癌、转移性激素敏感和去势抵抗前列腺癌等阶段的诊疗进展进行盘点。

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赵强,杜鹏.2024年前列腺癌诊治进展[J].泌尿外科杂志(电子版),2025,17(1):16-21.DOI:10.20020/j.CNKI.1674-7410.2025.01.03

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世界卫生组织2020年的数据显示，前列腺癌（prostate cancer，PCa）是男性中最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，发病率位于所有恶性肿瘤的第二位，死亡率位于第五位^[1]。我国PCa发病率虽不及欧美发达国家，但近年来却呈现显著增长趋势，国家癌症中心肿瘤登记办公室2022年公布的最新数据显示，2000-2016年，PCa发病率平均年增长约7.1%，死亡率平均年增长约4.6%，2022年我国的新发患者约13.4万，死亡患者约4.75万，在男性所有恶性肿瘤中分别排在第六位和第七位^[2]。PCa是我国公共卫生领域的重大健康问题，通过流行病学对比发现不足、提高我国PCa早诊率，汲取国内外的新进展、不断改进完善PCa诊疗模式、做到与时俱进，需要我国医务工作者不断学习、研究并付诸实践。2024年各大学术年会有诸多PCa诊疗进展，本文将对部分热点进展进行回顾和盘点。

1 PCa 筛查在我国需要大力推广但要探索避免过度诊断的方法

2 新药助力新辅助治疗在高危/极高危局限性 PCa 的应用

3 高危生化复发 PCa 的诊疗模式探索

4 核素、PARP 抑制剂等是转移性激素敏感 PCa 未来的突破点

5 转移性去势抵抗 PCa 领域仍然是新药研发的前沿阵地

总之，结合我国PCa的流行病学情况，推广PCa早期筛查，以降低PCa的死亡风险，仍然是重点工作领域。高危/极高危局限性PCa、复发进展和晚期PCa等阶段的诊疗模式仍有很多方向需要探讨和突破，随着新的治疗方式、理念和新药研发的进展，PCa患者的长期预后会进一步得到改善。精准、个体化的治疗模式需要贯通到PCa的全程管理中，是未来精细化管理的突破方向。

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