本文回顾了2024年良性前列腺增生领域的最新研究进展。在病理机制方面，研究明确了特定细胞亚群在前列腺增生结节形成中的关键作用，以及免疫细胞与增生之间的密切联系。昼夜节律研究的新发现提示其与前列腺增生症状的潜在关联。诊断技术上，磁共振成像和空间转录组学的应用为前列腺增生的精准诊断提供了新思路。在治疗领域，个性化药物治疗和微创治疗的进步，特别是二甲双胍的潜在作用，以及新型超级微创治疗技术的发展，为患者提供了更有效安全的治疗选择。这些科学新进展不仅提高了前列腺增生的诊断和治疗水平，也显著改善了患者的生活质量，同时为泌尿外科未来的研究方向提供了新的思路。

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付猛,宋海峰,王方明,等. 2024年良性前列腺增生诊治进展[J].泌尿外科杂志(电子版),2025,17(1):62-67.DOI:10.20020/j.CNKI.1674-7410.2025.01.09

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良性前列腺增生（benign prostatic hyperplasia，BPH）是中老年男性中最常见的泌尿系统疾病之一，BPH是男性人群中的一种普遍疾病，其发病率从31~40岁男性的8%增加到80岁以上男性的80%以上^[1]。随着全球人口老龄化的加剧，其患病率及对社会医疗系统的负担不断增加。BPH不仅影响患者的排尿功能，降低生活质量，还可能并发其他泌尿系统疾病，如尿路感染、膀胱结石、肾功能损害等。尽管BPH的确切病因尚未完全明确，但研究表明，年龄、激素水平变化、遗传和生活方式等多种因素与其发病机制有关^[1]。

本文旨在概述近些年在BPH领域的最新进展，包括流行病学的新发现、治疗技术的创新、药物治疗的新突破以及未来研究方向及挑战机遇。特别强调了2024年的新进展，以期为临床医师和研究人员提供最新的科学信息和研究方向。

1 疾病机制重点研究新发现

1.1 增生结节的基础研究

1.2 前列腺增生免疫机制探索

1.3 昼夜节律与BPH的联系

2 诊断技术的新进展焦点

2.1 MRI影像技术围术期的评估价值提高

2.2 空间转录组学在BPH机制研究中的应用

2.3 人工智能与BPH

3 药物治疗的新进展焦点

3.1 二甲双胍治疗BPH的研究

3.2 手术与药物治疗之争

4 .微创治疗新进展焦点

4.1 MIST治疗关注度的提升

4.2 前列腺剜除治疗热点话题的转变

5 个性化方式选择和人本位理念转变

6 挑战与机遇

6.1 大型语言模型带来的挑战与机遇

6.2 环境因素带来的挑战与机遇

7 特殊临床研究

8 总结

本文概述了近年来BPH疾病的最新进展，包括流行病学、治疗技术和药物治疗的新发现。BPH的发病机制复杂，涉及多种因素，新的研究对昼夜节律、免疫机制和激素水平变化进行了有益探索。在诊断技术上，尤其空间转录组学为BPH的诊断和治疗提供了新视角。AI技术的发展为BPH的诊断和治疗带来新机遇。BPH患者可以有更多的治疗选择，药物治疗、MIST以及各种内镜剜除治疗各有其优劣势。同时，可以预测更为全面的铥激光技术，未来将广泛应用于泌尿外科各领域。个性化治疗和人本位理念的转变，使得BPH的治疗更加注重患者的具体需求和体验。面对环境因素和大型语言模型带来的挑战与机遇，BPH领域仍需不断适应和创新。在BPH新药研发领域，我国也展现了强大的创新能力，将为临床治疗带来全新的解决方案，最终提高BPH治疗效果和患者的整体生活质量。

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