阴茎癌是一种罕见的生殖系统肿瘤，本文回顾了阴茎癌的诊断、治疗和随访的欧洲肿瘤内科学会临床实践指南，并探讨了阴茎癌的风险因素、分子特征及其对预后的影响，以及潜在的系统治疗靶点。此外，回顾了2024年以来阴茎癌领域研究进展，并指出有效的联合免疫疗法对阴茎鳞状细胞癌具有潜在的治疗效果。目前阴茎癌的临床与基础研究都还处于起步阶段，期待更多研究成果尽快完成临床转化，为阴茎癌患者带来福音。

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尹皓立,江海洋,白宇,等.2024年阴茎癌诊治进展[J].泌尿外科杂志(电子版),2025,17(1):68-72.DOI:10.20020/j.CNKI.1674-7410.2025.01.10

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阴茎癌（penile cancer，PC）是一种较为罕见的生殖器恶性肿瘤，其目前在世界癌症的发病率中位居第30位，死亡率为第31位^[1]。在美国男性癌症中所占比例不到1%^[2]。在亚洲、非洲、拉丁美洲等地区的发展中国家，发病率却明显升高。其中巴西是世界上PC发病率最高的国家之一，每10万名男性约有6.1例患者^[3]。根据国际癌症研究机构（International Agency for Research on Cancer，IARC）的数据显示，2020年中国约有4828例新发病例，年标准化发病率（age-standardized incidence rate，ASIR）为0.41/10万~0.86/10万，但由于中国人口基数较大，死亡人数达1565人，年标准化死亡率（age-standardized mortality rate，ASMR）达0.23/10万~0.42/10万，位居世界第二，仅次于印度0.42/10万~3.5/10万，尤其以经济欠发达地区更为明显，形势仍不容乐观^[4]。

1 发病机制

2 预后评估

3 手术治疗

4 药物治疗

综合上述研究可见，目前阴茎癌的治疗研究大多还处于起步阶段，目前已获批用于阴茎癌的治疗手段相较其他男性生殖系统肿瘤较为匮乏，有待于学者们进一步研究其发生发展机制，并有效完成临床转化，为阴茎癌患者提供新型的强效治疗手段，进而改善患者生存质量并有效延长患者总生存期。

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