摘要：手术机器人在医疗卫生行业已广泛普及应用，其精细化操作、信息化集成及智能化控制使其在患者治疗过 程中可发挥重要作用。手术机器人可有效避免外科医师术中操作抖动、减缓术者操作疲劳并提供高清术野。此 外，机器人融合交叉多学科技术，可创新性催生术前数字化重建、术中导航配准及机器人远程手术等新型诊疗方 案，更有助于提升国民生命健康。虽然手术机器人目前已部分应用于临床实践，但其更新迭代较快，针对其安全 性及患者长期获益的探索也从未停止。因此，本文将对手术机器人在医疗领域的发展历程做一概述，系统总结目 前手术机器人的典型临床应用，并提出进一步研究的展望。

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腹腔镜手术较传统开放手术而言实现了手术的 微创化及操作的精细化，但传统腹腔镜手术依然存 在部分不足，如术中视野不清晰、缺乏图像立体 感、手术器械活动范围受限、主刀医生与助手配合 不一致等。手术机器人系统作为高度集成化高端医 疗设备，可在狭小空间内实现精细化手术操作，既 能满足人体工程学要求缓解术者疲劳，又可保持操 作稳定精准提升手术安全，同时降低患者术中创 伤、促进术后康复，符合手术微创化要求[1] 。目前手 术机器人领域发展迅速，既往研究大多针对特定疾 病或学科展开综述，缺乏对整体手术机器人应用的 概括与对比，笔者针对手术机器人的国内外发展历 程及在不同学科中的典型应用做此综述，以期促进 手术机器人领域的进一步发展。

1 手术机器人发展史

2 手术机器人在不同临床学科的典型应用

    2.1 泌尿外科方向典型应用

    2.2 骨科方向典型应用

    2.3 血管介入方向典型应用

    2.4 神经外科方向典型应用

3 国外手术机器人的发展现状

    3.1 达芬奇机器人发展现状

    3.2 Hugo RAS 机器人发展现状

4 国产手术机器人的发展现状

    4.1 妙手 S 手术机器人系统

    4.2 康多内镜手术机器人系统

    4.3 图迈®Toumai®腔镜手术机器人

5 手术机器人的创新应用

6 展望和总结

6 展望和总结

手术机器人作为医用机器人的成熟应用方向， 发展迅速、应用前景广阔。各类学科的交叉融合也 为手术机器人的发展迎来了新的契机，远程手术等 先进诊疗方式或将推动未来就医模式的新变化。但 目前手术机器人对于精准力反馈、准确可靠操作以 及系统小型化、便携化、保密化等需求的实现，仍 有待于进一步探索。随着机器人性能的不断改进及 创新应用的不断挖掘，手术机器人必成为未来就医 诊疗不可或缺的重要因素。

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