摘要:膀胱癌作为泌尿系统中最常见的高侵袭性肿瘤之一,由于缺乏准确的生物标志物,导致其发病率和复发率都很高。MicroRNA(miRNA)一种非编码的微小RNA,可调节人类基因表达,参与细胞生长周期、发育增 殖、凋亡和分化等。近年来越来越多的研究发现miRNA在膀胱癌的发生发展中出现异常表达的情况,同时靶向调节特定的基因或蛋白,很可能成为膀胱癌诊治的潜在生物标志物。很多研究发现不同种类的miRNA参与肿瘤的发生更像是网络系统,相互之间存在着各种联系,本文根据几种miRNA分别通过调控多种基因参与膀胱癌的机制及其作用进行阐述。
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膀胱癌是泌尿外科常见的恶性肿瘤,它的发病因素与环境接触有关,环境接触可通过遗传和表观遗传机制改变细胞机制并触发致癌过程。膀胱癌最常见的类型是发生在膀胱上皮内层的癌,即尿路上皮癌。它的症状是非特异性的,包括血尿、尿频、 尿急、甚至排尿困难。膀胱尿路上皮癌由两种不同 的临床表型构成,常见肿瘤为低级别、非侵袭性,可局部复发,但不常进展;其他具有肌肉侵袭性的肿瘤通常发展迅速且预后不良。在世界范围内, 每年约有386000例膀胱癌新发病例和150000人因该疾病死亡。
MicroRNA(miRNA)一种非编码的微小RNA, 可调节人类基因表达,参与细胞生长周期、发育增 殖、凋亡和分化等。miRNAs在多种生物体中表达, 包括植物、蠕虫和哺乳动物以及人类,它们在器官和组织的生理和病理过程中以依赖环境的方式发挥着基本作用。在微核糖核酸(MicroRNAs,miRNAs) 被发现20多年后,一直被认为是大多数真核生物基因组中专门用于转录后控制的分子。近年来,研究人员对miRNA在膀胱癌中的作用产生了巨大兴趣, 且研究不断深入。
1 miRNA的概述
1.1 miRNA的定义
1.2 miRNA的生物学效应
2 miRNA与膀胱癌关系
2.1 miRNA与膀胱癌发生发展的关系
2.2 miRNA作为膀胱癌的生物标记物
3 未来与展望
3 未来与展望
大量研究表明miRNA可作为疾病诊断和判定预后的分子标志物。由于膀胱癌缺乏准确的生物标志 物,所以膀胱癌的复发率和死亡率都很高,本篇综 述反映了miRNA参与膀胱癌细胞各种的生物学功 能,在细胞的生长、发育、凋亡和分化等方面都发挥着重大作用,如果可以证实miRNA参与膀胱癌的 具体发生机制,那么就可以作为膀胱癌诊断的生物 标志物,这对于膀胱癌的诊断治疗将会提供新的更 有效的方法。
最后,我们期待有关miRNA分子的创新性研究将在未来膀胱癌诊治领域取得新的突破。
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