摘要:前列腺癌是男性常见癌症之一。在世界范围内,超过半数以上的新发前列腺癌病例为 Gleason评分 3+3=6 (GS6) 的低级别前列腺癌。绝大多数 GS6前列腺癌预后良好,极少出现远处转移,国际上首选的治疗和管理方 法为主动监测。近年来,泌尿外科领域部分学者基于 GS6前列腺癌发生的普遍性、极低的转移率、极佳的预后、 接近于癌前病变的筛查方式和治疗管理模式,认为其不应再被称为癌症,将其更名为非癌症可以缓解患者的焦虑 情绪,减少因过度治疗带来的毒副作用和经济负担。另有学者提出反对的观点,认为是否会出现转移,不应作为 判断肿瘤是否为恶性的唯一标准;在临床实践中,GS6前列腺癌患者存在术后病理升级的可能,应该综合多种临 床因素来判定肿瘤的性质和危险程度;此外,对GS6前列腺癌的更名可能造成患者的依从性降低,所以不应该对 其进行重新命名。本文对近期相关观点和论据进行总结,并对管理策略进行综述。
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马金铎,曹煜东,王硕,等.Gleason 评分 3+3 前列腺癌的命名争议及管理策略[J]. 泌尿外科杂志(电子版),2022,14(4):9-14. DOI:10.20020/j.CNKI.1674-7410.2022.04.03
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根据 GLOBOCAN 2020 数据显示,全球范围 内前列腺癌的发病率位列男性恶性肿瘤的第 2 位[1] 。 虽然前列腺癌的发病率较高,但相比于多数恶性肿瘤,其预后相对较好。根据美国癌症协会的数据显 示,美国前列腺癌患者总体 5年生存率约为 98%,其 中局限期前列腺癌患者的 5年生存率超过 99%;转移 性前列腺癌患者的 5 年生存率约为 31%[2] 。研究表 明,在美国仅 3%的前列腺癌患者最终死于该疾病。 一方面是近 30年医学技术水平的发展使前列腺癌的 治疗手段更加先进,另一方面是前列腺癌通常呈惰 性生长,发展相对较慢,而大量的以前列腺特异性 抗原 (prostate specific antigen,PSA) 为主的前列 腺癌筛查导致许多早期低危的前列腺癌,即无临 床 显著意义的前列腺癌 (non- clinically significant prostate cancer,ncsPCa) 被检出。这些早期低危 的前列腺癌往往进展缓慢,极少出现转移并导致患 者 死亡。近年来,有学者认为对于低级别前列腺 癌 (Gleason Score3+3=6,GS6) 应被重新命名, 不再称之为“癌症”,而以美国约翰霍普金斯医院病 理学专家 Jonathan I. Epstein (J.I.E) 为代表的学者 则持相反观点,认为将 GS6前列腺癌重命名为非癌 症是不科学的。本文对目前学界相关观点和论据进 行整理,并对该病的管理策略加以综述。
1 正方观点:GS6 前列腺癌应该重新命名,不应再 被称为癌症
2 反方观点:GS6 前列腺癌不应重新命名
3 AS 是 GS6 前列腺癌的治疗标准
总而言之,随着我国如今检测手段技术水平的 提高、对于该疾病理解的愈发深入以及当今对前列 腺癌筛查和普及的增强,不可避免的使我们对于 GS6 前列腺癌的检出率有所提高。笔者认为,对于 GS6 前列腺癌关注重点应该更多的放在如何精准识 别这些患者以及如何管理的问题上。
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