摘要:糖尿病性勃起功能障碍 (diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction,DMED) 是糖尿病患者常见的 微血管并发症之一,其发病原因复杂,发病机制尚不明确。神经、血管、内分泌和社会心理等方面的改变在 DMED的发生、发展中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文通过神经、血管、内分泌和社会心理四个方面对 DMED的 发病机制进行综述,旨在为临床防治提供理论和文献参考。
图 1 DMED 的发病机制
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阴茎勃起功能障碍 (erectile dysfunction,ED) 指阴茎海绵体充血功能减退,阴茎勃起时海绵体硬 度和坚硬时间明显低于正常水平,不能达到并保持 足以使性行为满意的勃起状态[1] 。随着经济的高速发 展,人们饮食结构发生变化,导致糖尿病 (diabetes mellitus,DM) 患者数量急速上升。据统计,我国 DM 患者的数量位居世界第一[2] ,到 2035年全球 DM 患者将会达到 5.92亿[3] ,而 75%的 DM 患者将出现不 同程度的 ED[4] 。研究显示,高达 63%的男性 DM 患 者在就医过程中并未关注性功能方面的问题,从而 对患者及其家庭、社会造成不利影响[5] 。因此,对于 糖尿病性勃起功能障碍 (diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction,DMED) 的患者而言,明确糖 尿 病 与 勃 起 功 能 障 碍 之 间 的 关 系 以 及 系 统 阐 明 DMED 的发病机制至关重要的。因此,现就 DMED 的发病机制进行综述。
1 DMED 的发病机制
1.1 DMED与血管结构改变
1.2 DMED与内皮细胞和平滑肌性因素
1.3 DMED与神经病变
1.4 DMED与内分泌因素
1.5 DMED与社会心理因素
2 小结
2 小结
以往的研究对 DMED 的发病机制虽然有了一定 的认识,但是在许多实验中仍存在不足,首先是实 验动物的建模方法和标准的不一致,以及建模成功 后检验指标不一致等,其次是对于已知发病机制研究的重复率过高,而对于未知机制研究不足。目前 主要研究方向应该着眼于各个系统对 DMED 的影 响,再通过此类研究可以考虑更多的未知的、不清 楚的部分,以补充现行各个发病机制的不足之处, 做到更详细地分析。因此,只有弄清其具体的发病 机制,才能更好地指导临床治疗。
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